How a colonoscopy can save lives

During a colonoscopy, a long, flexible tube with a camera on the end is inserted into the rectum and guided through the colon. The camera allows the doctor to check the lining of the colon and rectum for any abnormalities, such as polyps or tumours. If they find any abnormalities, they can either remove them or take a biopsy for further testing.

One of the main benefits of a colonoscopy is that it can help to detect colorectal cancer in its early stages, when it is most treatable. In fact, studies clearly show that people who undergo regular colonoscopies are less likely to die from colorectal cancer than those who do not get screened.

A colonoscopy can even help to prevent colorectal cancer from developing in the first place. This is because polyps, which are small growths on the lining of the colon, can, over time, develop into cancer. During a colonoscopy, most polyps that are found can be removed before they have a chance to become cancerous.

Polypectomies are often simple procedures and can be done during the colonoscopy. To remove bigger polyps, and those that may already exhibit feature signs of becoming cancerous, you’ll most likely need a more sophisticated procedure, such as the more superficial endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or a deeper submucosal dissection (ESD).

Screening recommendations vary from country to country. In the NHS, regular screening starts with a stool test that detects hidden blood at the age of 55. Those that test positive usually undergo a colonoscopy. In the US meanwhile, colonoscopy screening is recommended from as early as 50.

Some people, for example those with a strong family history of bowel cancer, are recommended to start screening earlier. The frequency of screening will depend on the individual's risk factors and the results of previous screenings.

The thought of a colonoscopy is daunting to many people. The procedure is often thought of as being a painful or very uncomfortable experience, but most people are surprised how easy it is.

It does require some bowel preparation, which includes the complete emptying of the intestines (with the help of medication), usually the day before the procedure. However, the procedure itself is often completely pain-free, and should someone experience discomfort, painkillers and sedatives are available to help make the procedure as comfortable as possible. Overall, it’s a small price to pay to save a life!